What You Need to Know About Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is a widely used cancer treatment that uses powerful drugs to destroy cancer cells or stop their growth. While it can be highly effective, understanding how it works, its side effects, and what to expect can help patients and caregivers feel more prepared.

How Chemotherapy Works

Chemotherapy targets rapidly dividing cells—like cancer cells. However, because it also affects other rapidly dividing cells in the body (like those in hair follicles, bone marrow, and the digestive tract), it can cause a range of side effects.

Types of Chemotherapy

• Adjuvant: Given after surgery to eliminate remaining cancer cells.
• Neoadjuvant: Given before surgery to shrink tumors.
• Palliative: Helps relieve symptoms and improve quality of life when a cure isn’t possible.
• Combination therapy: Often used with radiation, surgery, or other cancer drugs.

Common Side Effects

• Fatigue
• Nausea and vomiting
• Hair loss
• Increased risk of infection
• Loss of appetite
• Mouth sores
• Anemia and low blood counts

Side effects vary based on the drug, dose, and individual response. Some people experience mild symptoms, while others may need supportive treatments to manage them.

How to Prepare for Chemotherapy

• Talk to your doctor about the treatment plan and schedule.
• Arrange for time off work or help at home.
• Stay hydrated and eat nutritious meals.
• Ask about medications to manage side effects.
• Consider counseling or support groups.

Life During Chemotherapy

It’s important to monitor your health and communicate openly with your care team. Many hospitals provide nurse navigators or case managers to help you through the process.

Tips include:

• Rest often and listen to your body.
• Practice gentle exercises like walking or yoga.
• Keep track of side effects in a journal.
• Take steps to prevent infections, like washing hands frequently.

When to Contact Your Doctor

Seek medical attention if you experience:

• Fever or chills
• Shortness of breath
• Unusual bleeding or bruising
• Persistent vomiting or diarrhea
• Signs of dehydration or confusion