What Makes Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Different?

Unlike other breast cancers, TNBC does not have:

• Estrogen receptors (ER-negative)
• Progesterone receptors (PR-negative)
• HER2 protein overexpression (HER2-negative)

Because TNBC lacks these common receptors, treatment options are more limited, and the cancer may grow and spread more quickly than other types.

Who Is at Risk?

Several factors may increase the likelihood of developing TNBC, including:

• Age: More common in women under 40.
• Genetics: Women with BRCA1 gene mutations are at higher risk.
• Race and Ethnicity: More prevalent among African American and Hispanic women.
• Lifestyle Factors: Obesity and lack of physical activity may contribute to increased risk.

Symptoms of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

TNBC symptoms are similar to other types of breast cancer and may include:

• A new lump in the breast or underarm
• Changes in breast size or shape
• Skin dimpling or thickening
• Nipple discharge or inversion
• Breast pain or tenderness

Early detection is crucial, so regular screenings and self-examinations are essential.

How Is TNBC Diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves:

• Mammograms and Ultrasounds: Imaging tests to detect abnormalities.
• Biopsy: Tissue sample analysis to confirm TNBC.
• Genetic Testing: Assessing BRCA mutations and other risk factors.

Treatment Options for TNBC

Since TNBC does not respond to hormone therapy, treatment typically includes:

• Chemotherapy: The primary treatment to shrink or eliminate cancer cells.
• Surgery: Lumpectomy or mastectomy to remove the tumor.
• Radiation Therapy: Used after surgery to reduce recurrence risk.
• Immunotherapy: Newer treatments that boost the immune system’s ability to fight cancer.

Prognosis and Survival Rates

TNBC tends to be more aggressive, but early detection and treatment can improve survival rates. Research into new therapies continues to improve outcomes for TNBC patients.