How Leukemia Affects the Body

1. Blood and Bone Marrow

Leukemia begins in the bone marrow, where blood cells are produced. The cancerous white blood cells multiply uncontrollably, crowding out healthy red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This leads to:

• Anemia (low red blood cells): Causes fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath.
• Increased infections (low normal white blood cells): The immune system is weakened, making the body more prone to infections.
• Easy bruising and bleeding (low platelets): A reduction in platelets leads to prolonged bleeding from minor cuts, frequent nosebleeds, and unexplained bruising.

2. Lymphatic System

Leukemia can affect the lymphatic system, leading to:

• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, underarms, or groin.
• Enlarged spleen and liver, causing discomfort or a feeling of fullness in the abdomen.
• Increased risk of infections due to a weakened immune response.

3. Nervous System

Leukemia cells can infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS), leading to:

• Headaches and dizziness.
• Blurred vision.
• Numbness or weakness in limbs.
• Seizures in severe cases.

4. Heart and Lungs

Due to reduced oxygen-carrying red blood cells, leukemia can cause:

• Shortness of breath and rapid heartbeat.
• Chest pain due to insufficient oxygen supply to the heart.

5. Digestive System

Leukemia and its treatments can impact digestion, leading to:

• Loss of appetite and unintended weight loss.
• Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort.
• Mouth sores from chemotherapy.

6. Musculoskeletal System

The overgrowth of leukemia cells in the bone marrow can lead to:

• Bone pain and tenderness.
• Joint pain and stiffness.

Treatment Options

Leukemia treatment depends on the type and severity of the disease. Common treatment options include:

• Chemotherapy: The primary treatment to destroy cancerous cells.
• Radiation Therapy: Used to target and kill leukemia cells in specific areas.
• Bone Marrow Transplant: Replaces diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells.
• Targeted Therapy: Uses drugs that specifically attack cancerous cells.
• Immunotherapy: Boosts the immune system to fight leukemia more effectively.